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SPICE.txt
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1992-12-25
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SUBJECT: dashb
TITLE: -b
TEXT:
TEXT: G-b HRun in batch mode. Instead of prompting the user
TEXT: H interactively, Gspice Hwill execute the source files
TEXT: H given on the line, or if there are none, it will read
TEXT: H from the standard input. (Gspice Honly)
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: dashi
TITLE: -i
TEXT:
TEXT: G-i HRun in interactive (as opposed to batch) mode. This is
TEXT: H the default. (Gspice Honly)
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: dashq
TITLE: -q
TEXT:
TEXT: G-b HRun in batch mode. Instead of prompting the user
TEXT: H interactively, Gspice Hwill execute the source files
TEXT: H given on the line, or if there are none, it will read
TEXT: H from the standard input. (Gspice Honly)
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: NUTMEG:ccom
SUBJECT: spice
TITLE: SPICE3 Summary
TEXT:
TEXT: SPICE is a general-purpose circuit simulation program
TEXT: H for nonlinear dc, nonlinear transient, and linear ac ana-
TEXT: H lyses. Circuits may contain resistors, capacitors, induc-
TEXT: H tors, mutual inductors, independent voltage and current
TEXT: H sources, four types of dependent sources, transmission
TEXT: H lines, switches, and the five most common semiconductor dev-
TEXT: H ices: diodes, BJTs, JFETs, MESFETs, and MOSFETs.
TEXT: H
TEXT: The SPICE3 version is based directly on SPICE 2G.6.
TEXT: H While SPICE3 is being developed to include new features, it
TEXT: H will continue to support those capabilities and models which
TEXT: H remain in extensive use in the SPICE2 program.
TEXT: H
TEXT: SPICE has built-in models for the semiconductor dev-
TEXT: H ices, and the user need specify only the pertinent model
TEXT: H parameter values. The model for the BJT is based on the
TEXT: H integral charge model of Gummel and Poon; however, if the
TEXT: H Gummel- Poon parameters are not specified, the model reduces
TEXT: H to the simpler Ebers-Moll model. In either case, charge
TEXT: H storage effects, ohmic resistances, and a current-dependent
TEXT: H output conductance may be included. The diode model can be
TEXT: H used for either junction diodes or Schottky barrier diodes.
TEXT: H The JFET model is based on the FET model of Shichman and
TEXT: H Hodges. Four MOSFET models are implemented: MOS1 is
TEXT: H described by a square-law I-V characteristic, MOS2[1] is an
TEXT: H analytical model, while MOS3[1] is a semi-empirical model,
TEXT: H and MOS4[2,3] is the new BSIM (Berkeley Short-channel IGFET
TEXT: H Model). MOS2, MOS3, and MOS4 include second-order effects
TEXT: H such as channel length modulation, subthreshold conduction,
TEXT: H scattering limited velocity saturation, small-size effects,
TEXT: H and charge-controlled capacitances.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: aspice
TITLE: aspice
TEXT:
TEXT: Gaspice H_i_n_f_i_l_e [ _o_u_t_f_i_l_e ]
TEXT: H Run SPICE3 asynchronously with _i_n_f_i_l_e as an input cir-
TEXT: H cuit. If _o_u_t_f_i_l_e is given, the output is saved in this
TEXT: H file. After this command is issued, the job is started
TEXT: H in the background, and you may continue using the
TEXT: H invoking program interactively. When the job is fin-
TEXT: H ished, the rawfile is loaded and becomes the current
TEXT: H plot, and the output generated is printed. You may
TEXT: H specify the pathname of the program to be run with the
TEXT: H Gspicepath Hvariable.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: NUTMEG:jobs
SEEALSO: SPICE:rspice
SUBJECT: rspice
TITLE: rspice
TEXT:
TEXT: Grspice H[ _i_n_p_u_t_f_i_l_e ] ...
TEXT: H Runs a Gspice Hjob remotely, using the _i_n_p_u_t_f_i_l_es as
TEXT: H input, or the current circuit if no argument is given.
TEXT: H The program waits for the job to complete, and passes
TEXT: H output from the remote job to the user's standard out-
TEXT: H put. When the job is finished the data is loaded in as
TEXT: H with GaspiceH. If the variable Grhost His set, Grspice Hwill
TEXT: H connect to this host instead of the default remote
TEXT: H server machine. If the variable Grprogram His set, then
TEXT: H Grspice Hwill use this as the pathname to the program to
TEXT: H run. Note that this command will work only if your
TEXT: H system administrator has set up a Gspice Hdaemon on one
TEXT: H of your machines. (See the README file in the distri-
TEXT: H bution directory for details on how to do this.) If the
TEXT: H daemon thinks the remote machine is too loaded already,
TEXT: H it may tell the user to try another machine or to try
TEXT: H again later.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:aspice
SEEALSO: NUTMEG:rhost
SEEALSO: NUTMEG:rprogram
SUBJECT: reset
TITLE: reset
TEXT:
TEXT: Greset
TEXT: H HThrow away the internal data structures associated with
TEXT: H the current circuit and re-parse the input listing.
TEXT: H This command should be obsolete, since this is done
TEXT: H automatically by the Grun Hcommand and the other simula-
TEXT: H tion commands.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:run
SUBJECT: resume
TITLE: resume
TEXT:
TEXT: Gresume
TEXT: H HIf the current circuit is in the middle of a simula-
TEXT: H tion, restart the simulation from the point it was left
TEXT: H off.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:run
SUBJECT: run
TITLE: run
TEXT:
TEXT: Grun H[ _r_a_w_f_i_l_e ]
TEXT: H Run all the analyses given in the current circuit (the
TEXT: H default is an operating point analysis). If a _r_a_w_f_i_l_e
TEXT: H is given, the output is saved in this file. Otherwise
TEXT: H it is made available as the current plot.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:resume
SUBJECT: delete
TITLE: delete
TEXT:
TEXT: Gdelete H[ _n_u_m_b_e_r ] ...
TEXT: H Remove the traces or breakpoints with the specified
TEXT: H _n_u_m_b_e_rs. The Gstatus Hcommand may be used to obtain
TEXT: H these numbers. (Gspice Honly)
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: NUTMEG:status
SEEALSO: SPICE:stop
SEEALSO: SPICE:iplot
SEEALSO: SPICE:step
SUBJECT: iplot
TITLE: iplot
TEXT:
TEXT: Giplot H[ _n_a_m_e ] ...
TEXT: H Incrementally plot the values of all the _n_a_m_es given as
TEXT: H the simulation runs. The values which are being traced
TEXT: H in this manner can be examined and removed using the
TEXT: H Gstatus Hand Gdelete Hcommands. (Gspice Honly)
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: NUTMEG:status
SEEALSO: SPICE:delete
SEEALSO: SPICE:step
SEEALSO: SPICE:stop
SEEALSO: NUTMEG:plot
SUBJECT: listing
TITLE: listing
TEXT:
TEXT: Glisting H[ Glogical H] [ Gphysical H] [ Gdeck H] [ Gexpand H]
TEXT: H Print a listing of the current circuit to the standard
TEXT: H output. The arguments control the format of the list-
TEXT: H ing. A Glogical Hlisting is one in which comments are
TEXT: H removed and continuation lines are appended to the end
TEXT: H of the continued line. A Gphysical Hlisting is one in
TEXT: H which comments and continuation lines are preserved. A
TEXT: H Gdeck Hlisting is one without line numbers (so as to be
TEXT: H acceptible to the circuit parser). The last option,
TEXT: H GexpandH, is orthagonal to the previous three - it
TEXT: H requests that the circuit be printed after subcircuit
TEXT: H expansion. Note that only in an expanded listing are
TEXT: H error messages associated with particular lines visi-
TEXT: H ble. (Gspice Honly)
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: NUTMEG:source
SUBJECT: editor
TITLE: editor
TEXT:
TEXT: Geditor
TEXT: H HThe name for the editor to use for the Gedit Hcommand.
TEXT: H The default is GviH. (Gspice Honly)
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: NUTMEG:edit
SUBJECT: dashs
TITLE: -s
TEXT:
TEXT: G-s HRun in server mode. This is like batch mode, and it
TEXT: H used by the Gspice daemonH. GSpice Hwill read from the
TEXT: H standard input up to an GEOFH, and then after it is fin-
TEXT: H ished it will send a line consisting of one `@' and
TEXT: H then the contents of the rawfile to the standard out-
TEXT: H put. (Gspice Honly)
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: trace
TITLE: trace
TEXT:
TEXT: Gtrace H[ _n_o_d_e ] ...
TEXT: H Each time point, the value of the named nodes will be
TEXT: H printed to the standard output.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:step
SEEALSO: SPICE:stop
SEEALSO: SPICE:delete
SEEALSO: NUTMEG:status
SEEALSO: SPICE:iplot
SUBJECT: tran
TITLE: tran
TEXT:
TEXT: Gtran H._t_r_a_n _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s
TEXT: H Run a transient analysis. See the SPICE3 User's Guide
TEXT: H for details. Only available in GspiceH.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:trananalysis
SUBJECT: save
TITLE: save
TEXT:
TEXT: Gsave H[ Gall H] [ _n_o_d_e_n_a_m_e ] ...
TEXT: H Save a set of outputs, discarding the rest. If a node
TEXT: H has been mentioned in a Gsave Hcommand, it will appear in
TEXT: H the working plot after a run has completed, or in the
TEXT: H rawfile if spice is run in batch mode (in this case,
TEXT: H the command can be given in the input file as G.save
TEXT: H ...H). If a node is traced or plotted it will also be
TEXT: H saved. If no Gsave Hcommands are given, all nodes will
TEXT: H be saved.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: NUTMEG:status
SUBJECT: trananalysis
TITLE: Transient Analysis
TEXT:
TEXT: The transient analysis portion of SPICE computes the
TEXT: H transient output variables as a function of time over a
TEXT: H user-specified time interval. The initial conditions are
TEXT: H automatically determined by a dc analysis. All sources
TEXT: H which are not time dependent (for example, power supplies)
TEXT: H are set to their dc value. The transient time interval is
TEXT: H specified on a G.TRAN Hcontrol line.
TEXT: H
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: .TRAN H_T_S_T_E_P _T_S_T_O_P <_T_S_T_A_R_T <_T_M_A_X>> <_U_I_C>
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: .TRAN 1NS 100NS
TEXT: H .TRAN 1NS 1000NS 500NS
TEXT: H .TRAN 10NS 1US UIC
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: H_T_S_T_E_P is the printing or plotting increment for line-
TEXT: H printer output. For use with the post-processor, _T_S_T_E_P is
TEXT: H the suggested computing increment. _T_S_T_O_P is the final time,
TEXT: H and _T_S_T_A_R_T is the initial time. If _T_S_T_A_R_T is omitted, it is
TEXT: H assumed to be zero. The transient analysis always begins at
TEXT: H time zero. In the interval <zero, _T_S_T_A_R_T>, the circuit is
TEXT: H analyzed (to reach a steady state), but no outputs are
TEXT: H stored. In the interval <_T_S_T_A_R_T, _T_S_T_O_P>, the circuit is
TEXT: H analyzed and outputs are stored. _T_M_A_X is the maximum step-
TEXT: H size that SPICE will use (by default the program chooses
TEXT: H either _T_S_T_E_P or (_T_S_T_O_P-_T_S_T_A_R_T)/50.0, whichever is smaller.
TEXT: H _T_M_A_X is useful when one wishes to guarantee a computing
TEXT: H interval which is smaller than the printer increment, _T_S_T_E_P.
TEXT: H
TEXT: GUIC H(use initial conditions) is an optional keyword
TEXT: H which indicates that the user does not want SPICE to solve
TEXT: H for the quiescent operating point before beginning the tran-
TEXT: H sient analysis. If this keyword is specified, SPICE uses
TEXT: H the values specified using GICH=... on the various elements as
TEXT: H the initial transient condition and proceeds with the
TEXT: H analysis. If an G.IC Hline has been given, then the node vol-
TEXT: H tages on the G.IC Hline are used to compute the intitial con-
TEXT: H ditions for the devices. Look at the description on the
TEXT: H IC line for its interpretation when UIC is not specified.
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:tran
SUBJECT: op
TITLE: op
TEXT:
TEXT: Gop H._o_p _c_a_r_d _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s
TEXT: H Perform an operating point analysis on the current cir-
TEXT: H cuit. See the SPICE3 User's Guide for details. Only
TEXT: H available in GspiceH.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:opanalysis
SUBJECT: analyses
TITLE: Analysis Types
TEXT:
TEXT: The following analyses are currently available in
TEXT: H SPICE3.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:acanalysis SPICE:dcanalysis SPICE:opanalysis
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:pzanalysis SPICE:trananalysis
SEEALSO: SPICE:run
SUBJECT: acanalysis
TITLE: AC Small-Signal Analysis
TEXT:
TEXT: The ac small-signal portion of SPICE computes the ac
TEXT: H output variables as a function of frequency. The program
TEXT: H first computes the dc operating point of the circuit and
TEXT: H determines linearized, small-signal models for all of the
TEXT: H nonlinear devices in the circuit. The resultant linear cir-
TEXT: H cuit is then analyzed over a user-specified range of fre-
TEXT: H quencies. The desired output of an ac small-signal analysis
TEXT: H is usually a transfer function (voltage gain, transim-
TEXT: H pedance, etc). If the circuit has only one ac input, it is
TEXT: H convenient to set that input to unity and zero phase, so
TEXT: H that output variables have the same value as the transfer
TEXT: H function of the output variable with respect to the input.
TEXT: H
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: .AC DEC H_N_D _F_S_T_A_R_T _F_S_T_O_P
TEXT: H G.AC OCT H_N_O _F_S_T_A_R_T _F_S_T_O_P
TEXT: H G.AC LIN H_N_P _F_S_T_A_R_T _F_S_T_O_P
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: .AC DEC H10 1 10K
TEXT: H G.AC DEC H10 1K 100MEG
TEXT: H G.AC LIN H100 1 100HZ
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: GDEC Hstands for decade variation, and _N_D is the number
TEXT: H of points per decade. GOCT Hstands for octave variation, and
TEXT: H _N_O is the number of points per octave. GLIN Hstands for
TEXT: H linear variation, and _N_P is the number of points. _F_S_T_A_R_T is
TEXT: H the starting frequency, and _F_S_T_O_P is the final frequency.
TEXT: H If this line is included in the circuit file, SPICE will
TEXT: H perform an ac analysis of the circuit over the specified
TEXT: H frequency range. Note that in order for this analysis to be
TEXT: H meaningful, at least one independent source must have been
TEXT: H specified with an ac value.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:ac
SUBJECT: dcanalysis
TITLE: DC Analysis
TEXT:
TEXT: The dc analysis portion of SPICE determines the dc
TEXT: H operating point of the circuit with inductors shorted and
TEXT: H capacitors opened. A dc analysis is automatically performed
TEXT: H prior to a transient analysis to determine the transient
TEXT: H initial conditions, and prior to an ac small-signal analysis
TEXT: H to determine the linearized, small-signal models for non-
TEXT: H linear devices. The dc analysis can also be used to gen-
TEXT: H erate dc transfer curves: a specified independent voltage
TEXT: H or current source is stepped over a user-specified range and
TEXT: H the dc output variables are stored for each sequential
TEXT: H source value.
TEXT: H
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: .DC H_S_R_C_N_A_M _V_S_T_A_R_T _V_S_T_O_P _V_I_N_C_R <_S_R_C_2 _S_T_A_R_T_2 _S_T_O_P_2 _I_N_C_R_2>
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: .DC HVIN 0.25 5.0 0.25
TEXT: H G.DC HVDS 0 10 .5 VGS 0 5 1
TEXT: H G.DC HVCE 0 10 .25 IB 0 10U 1U
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: This line defines the dc transfer curve source and
TEXT: H sweep limits. _S_R_C_N_A_M is the name of an independent voltage
TEXT: H or current source. _V_S_T_A_R_T, _V_S_T_O_P, and _V_I_N_C_R are the start-
TEXT: H ing, final, and incrementing values respectively. The first
TEXT: H example will cause the value of the voltage source _V_I_N to be
TEXT: H swept from 0.25 Volts to 5.0 Volts in increments of 0.25
TEXT: H Volts. A second source (_S_R_C_2) may optionally be specified
TEXT: H with associated sweep parameters. In this case, the first
TEXT: H source will be swept over its range for each value of the
TEXT: H second source. This option can be useful for obtaining sem-
TEXT: H iconductor device output characteristics. See the second
TEXT: H example circuit in the GExamples Hsection of the guide.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:dc
SUBJECT: opanalysis
TITLE: Operating Point
TEXT:
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: .OP
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: HThe inclusion of this line in an input file will force
TEXT: H SPICE to determine the dc operating point of the circuit
TEXT: H with inductors shorted and capacitors opened. Note: a dc
TEXT: H analysis is automatically performed prior to a transient
TEXT: H analysis to determine the transient initial conditions, and
TEXT: H prior to an ac small-signal analysis to determine the
TEXT: H linearized, small-signal models for nonlinear devices.
TEXT: H
TEXT: SPICE performs a dc operating point analysis if no
TEXT: H other analyses are requested.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:op
SUBJECT: pzanalysis
TITLE: Pole-Zero Analysis
TEXT:
TEXT: The pole-zero analysis portion of SPICE computes the
TEXT: H poles and/or zeros in the small-signal ac transfer function.
TEXT: H The program first computes the dc operating point and then
TEXT: H determines the linearized, small-signal models for all the
TEXT: H nonlinear devices in the circuit. This circuit is then used
TEXT: H to find the poles and zeros.
TEXT: H
TEXT: Two types of transfer functions are allowed: one of the
TEXT: H form (output voltage)/(input voltage) and the other of the
TEXT: H form (output voltage)/(input current). These two types of
TEXT: H transfer functions cover all the cases and one can find the
TEXT: H poles/zeros of functions like input/output impedance and
TEXT: H voltage gain. The input and output ports are specified as
TEXT: H two pairs of nodes.
TEXT: H
TEXT: The pole-zero analysis works with resistors, capaci-
TEXT: H tors, inductors, linear-controlled sources, independent
TEXT: H sources, BJTs, MOSFETs, JFETs and diodes. Transmission
TEXT: H lines are not supported.
TEXT: H
TEXT: GGeneral forms:
TEXT: H
TEXT: .PZ H_N_O_D_E_1 _N_O_D_E_2 _N_O_D_E_3 _N_O_D_E_4 _C_U_R _P_O_L
TEXT: H G.PZ H_N_O_D_E_1 _N_O_D_E_2 _N_O_D_E_3 _N_O_D_E_4 _C_U_R _Z_E_R
TEXT: H G.PZ H_N_O_D_E_1 _N_O_D_E_2 _N_O_D_E_3 _N_O_D_E_4 _C_U_R _P_Z
TEXT: H G.PZ H_N_O_D_E_1 _N_O_D_E_2 _N_O_D_E_3 _N_O_D_E_4 _V_O_L _P_O_L
TEXT: H G.PZ H_N_O_D_E_1 _N_O_D_E_2 _N_O_D_E_3 _N_O_D_E_4 _V_O_L _Z_E_R
TEXT: H G.PZ H_N_O_D_E_1 _N_O_D_E_2 _N_O_D_E_3 _N_O_D_E_4 _V_O_L _P_Z
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: .PZ 1 0 3 0 CUR POL
TEXT: H .PZ 2 3 5 0 VOL ZER
TEXT: H .PZ 4 1 4 1 CUR PZ
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: HCUR stands for a transfer function of the type (output
TEXT: H voltage)/(input current) while VOL stands for a transfer
TEXT: H function of the type (output voltage)/(input voltage). POL
TEXT: H stands for pole analysis only, ZER for zero analysis only
TEXT: H and PZ for both. This feature is provided mainly because if
TEXT: H there is a nonconvergence in finding poles or zeros, then,
TEXT: H at least the other can be found. Finally, NODE1 and NODE2
TEXT: H are the two input nodes and NODE3 and NODE4 are the two out-
TEXT: H put nodes. Thus, there is complete freedom regarding the
TEXT: H output and input ports and the type of transfer function.
TEXT: H
TEXT: In interactive mode, the command syntax is the same
TEXT: H except that the first field is PZ instead of .PZ. To print
TEXT: H the results, one should use the command 'print all'.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:pz
SUBJECT: pz
TITLE: pz
TEXT:
TEXT: Gpz H._p_z _c_a_r_d _o_p_t_i_o_n_s
TEXT: H Run a pole-zero analysis. See the SPICE3 User's Guide
TEXT: H for details. This command is only available in GspiceH.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:pzanalysis
SUBJECT: setcirc
TITLE: setcirc
TEXT:
TEXT: Gsetcirc H[ _c_i_r_c_u_i_t_n_a_m_e ]
TEXT: H Change the current circuit. The current circuit is the
TEXT: H one that is used for the simulation commands. When a
TEXT: H circuit is loaded with the Gsource Hcommand, it becomes
TEXT: H the current circuit. If Gsetcirc His given no arguments,
TEXT: H it prints a menu of the available circuits.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: ac
TITLE: ac
TEXT:
TEXT: Gac H._a_c _c_a_r_d _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s
TEXT: H Do an ac analysis of the current circuit. See the
TEXT: H SPICE3 User's Guide for details. Only available in
TEXT: H GspiceH.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:acanalysis
SUBJECT: dc
TITLE: dc
TEXT:
TEXT: Gdc H._d_c _c_a_r_d _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s
TEXT: H Calculate the dc transfer curve of the current circuit.
TEXT: H See the SPICE3 User's Guide for details. Only avail-
TEXT: H able in GspiceH.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:dcanalysis
SUBJECT: subckts
TITLE: Subcircuits
TEXT:
TEXT: A subcircuit that consists of SPICE elements can be
TEXT: H defined and referenced in a fashion similar to device
TEXT: H models. The subcircuit is defined in the input file by a
TEXT: H grouping of element lines; the program then automatically
TEXT: H inserts the group of elements wherever the subcircuit is
TEXT: H referenced. There is no limit on the size or complexity of
TEXT: H subcircuits, and subcircuits may contain other subcircuits.
TEXT: H An example of subcircuit usage is given in Appendix A.
TEXT: H
TEXT: _1._1. ._S_U_B_C_K_T _C_a_r_d
TEXT: H
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: .SUBCKT H_s_u_b_n_a_m _N_1 <_N_2 _N_3 ...>
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: H.GSUBCKT HOPAMP 1 2 3 4
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: A circuit definition is begun with a G.SUBCKT Hline.
TEXT: H _S_U_B_N_A_M is the subcircuit name, and _N_1, _N_2, ... are the
TEXT: H external nodes, which cannot be zero. The group of element
TEXT: H lines which immediately follow the G.SUBCKT Hline define the
TEXT: H subcircuit. The last line in a subcircuit definition is the
TEXT: H G.ENDS Hline (see below). Control lines may not appear within
TEXT: H a subcircuit definition; however, subcircuit definitions
TEXT: H may contain anything else, including other subcircuit defin-
TEXT: H itions, device models, and subcircuit calls (see below).
TEXT: H Note that any device models or subcircuit definitions
TEXT: H included as part of a subcircuit definition are strictly
TEXT: H local (i.e., such models and definitions are not known out-
TEXT: H side the subcircuit definition). Also, any element nodes
TEXT: H not included on the G.SUBCKT Hline are strictly local, with
TEXT: H the exception of 0 (ground) which is always global.
TEXT: H
TEXT: _1._2. ._E_N_D_S _C_a_r_d
TEXT: H
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: .ENDS H<_S_U_B_N_A_M>
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: .ENDS HOPAMP
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: This line must be the last one for any subcircuit
TEXT: H definition. The subcircuit name, if included, indicates
TEXT: H which subcircuit definition is being terminated; if omit-
TEXT: H ted, all subcircuits being defined are terminated. The name
TEXT: H is needed only when nested subcircuit definitions are being
TEXT: H made.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: _1._3. _S_u_b_c_i_r_c_u_i_t _C_a_l_l_s
TEXT: H
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: XH_X_Y_Y_Y_Y_Y_Y_Y _N_1 <_N_2 _N_3 ...> _S_U_B_N_A_M
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: XH1 2 4 17 3 1 MULTI
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: Subcircuits are used in SPICE by specifying pseudo-
TEXT: H elements beginning with the letter `X', followed by the cir-
TEXT: H cuit nodes to be used in expanding the subcircuit.
TEXT: H
TEXT: Note that when a circuit is parsed, all devices and
TEXT: H local nodes in subcircuits are renamed as
TEXT: H _d_e_v_i_c_e_t_y_p_eG:H_s_u_b_c_k_t_n_a_m_eG:H_d_e_v_i_c_e_n_a_m_e. Nested subcircuit
TEXT: H instances will have multiple colon-seperated qualifiers.
TEXT: H GNutmeg Hwill also accept subcircuit names with components
TEXT: H seperated by periods, so long as the names do not clash with
TEXT: H names specifiable as _p_l_o_t_n_a_m_eG.H_v_a_l_u_e.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: titlecard
TITLE: Title Line
TEXT:
TEXT: This line must be the first line in the input file. It
TEXT: H is printed at the top of each page of output.
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: HPOWER AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT
TEXT: H TEST OF CAM CELL
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: models
TITLE: Device Models
TEXT:
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: .MODEL H_M_N_A_M_E _T_Y_P_E(_P_N_A_M_E_1=_P_V_A_L_1 _P_N_A_M_E_2=_P_V_A_L_2 ... )
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: .MODEL HMOD1 NPN (BF=50 IS=1E-13 VBF=50)
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: The G.MODEL Hline specifies a set of model parameters
TEXT: H that will be used by one or more devices. _M_N_A_M_E is the
TEXT: H model name, and type is one of the following ten types:
TEXT: H
TEXT: GR Hresistor model
TEXT: H GC Hcapacitor model
TEXT: H GURC HUniform Distributed RC model
TEXT: H GD Hdiode model
TEXT: H GNPN HNPN BJT model
TEXT: H GPNP HPNP BJT model
TEXT: H GNJF HN-channel JFET model
TEXT: H GPJF HP-channel JFET model
TEXT: H GNMOS HN-channel MOSFET model
TEXT: H GPMOS HP-channel MOSFET model
TEXT: H GNMF HN-channel MESFET model
TEXT: H GPMF HP-channel MESFET model
TEXT: H GSW Hvoltage controlled switch
TEXT: H GCSW Hcurrent controlled switch
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: Parameter values are defined by appending the parameter
TEXT: H name, as given below for each model type, followed by an
TEXT: H equal sign and the parameter value. Model parameters that
TEXT: H are not given a value are assigned the default values given
TEXT: H below for each model type.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:bjt SPICE:c SPICE:d
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:jfet SPICE:mesfet SPICE:mosfet
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:rmodel SPICE:swmodel SPICE:urc
SUBJECT: bjt
TITLE: BJT Models
TEXT:
TEXT: The bipolar junction transistor model in SPICE is an
TEXT: H adaptation of the integral charge control model of Gummel
TEXT: H and Poon. This modified Gummel-Poon model extends the ori-
TEXT: H ginal model to include several effects at high bias levels.
TEXT: H The model will automatically simplify to the simpler Ebers-
TEXT: H Moll model when certain parameters are not specified. The
TEXT: H parameter names used in the modified Gummel-Poon model have
TEXT: H been chosen to be more easily understood by the program
TEXT: H user, and to reflect better both physical and circuit design
TEXT: H thinking.
TEXT: H
TEXT: The dc model is defined by the parameters GIS, BF, NF,
TEXT: H ISE, IKFH, and GNE Hwhich determine the forward current gain
TEXT: H characteristics, GIS, BR, NR, ISC, IKRH, and GNC Hwhich deter-
TEXT: H mine the reverse current gain characteristics, and GVAF Hand
TEXT: H GVAR Hwhich determine the output conductance for forward and
TEXT: H reverse regions. Three ohmic resistances GRB, RCH, and GRE Hare
TEXT: H included, where GRB Hcan be high current dependent. Base
TEXT: H charge storage is modeled by forward and reverse transit
TEXT: H times, GTF Hand GTRH, the forward transit time TF being bias
TEXT: H dependent if desired, and nonlinear depletion layer capaci-
TEXT: H tances which are determined by GCJE, VJEH, and GMJE Hfor the B-E
TEXT: H junction , GCJC, VJCH, and GMJC Hfor the B-C junction and GCJS,
TEXT: H VJSH, and GMJS Hfor the C-S (Collector-Substrate) junction.
TEXT: H The temperature dependence of the saturation current, GISH, is
TEXT: H determined by the energy-gap, GEGH, and the saturation current
TEXT: H temperature exponent, GXTIH. Additionally base current tem-
TEXT: H perature dependence is modeled by the beta temperature
TEXT: H exponent GXTB Hin the new model.
TEXT: H
TEXT: The BJT parameters used in the modified Gummel-Poon
TEXT: H model are listed below. The parameter names used in earlier
TEXT: H versions of SPICE2 are still accepted.
TEXT: H
TEXT: Modified Gummel-Poon BJT Parameters.
TEXT: H name parameter units default example area
TEXT: H
TEXT: H 1 GIS Htransport saturation current A 1.0E-16 1.0E-15 *
TEXT: H 2 GBF Hideal maximum forward beta - 100 100
TEXT: H 3 GNF Hforward current emission coefficient - 1.0 1
TEXT: H 4 GVAF Hforward Early voltage V infinite 200
TEXT: H 5 GIKF Hcorner for forward beta
TEXT: H high current roll-off A infinite 0.01 *
TEXT: H 6 GISE HB-E leakage saturation current A 0 1.0E-13 *
TEXT: H 7 GNE HB-E leakage emission coefficient - 1.5 2
TEXT: H 8 GBR Hideal maximum reverse beta - 1 0.1
TEXT: H 9 GNR Hreverse current emission coefficient - 1 1
TEXT: H 10 GVAR Hreverse Early voltage V infinite 200
TEXT: H 11 GIKR Hcorner for reverse beta
TEXT: H high current roll-off A infinite 0.01 *
TEXT: H 12 GISC HB-C leakage saturation current A 0 1.0E-13 *
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: 13 GNC HB-C leakage emission coefficient - 2 1.5
TEXT: H 14 GRB Hzero bias base resistance Ohms 0 100 *
TEXT: H 15 GIRB Hcurrent where base resistance
TEXT: H falls halfway to its min value A infinite 0.1 *
TEXT: H 16 GRBM Hminimum base resistance
TEXT: H at high currents Ohms RB 10 *
TEXT: H 17 GRE Hemitter resistance Ohms 0 1 *
TEXT: H 18 GRC Hcollector resistance Ohms 0 10 *
TEXT: H 19 GCJE HB-E zero-bias depletion capacitance F 0 2PF *
TEXT: H 20 GVJE HB-E built-in potential V 0.75 0.6
TEXT: H 21 GMJE HB-E junction exponential factor - 0.33 0.33
TEXT: H 22 GTF Hideal forward transit time sec 0 0.1Ns
TEXT: H 23 GXTF Hcoefficient for bias dependence of TF - 0
TEXT: H 24 GVTF Hvoltage describing VBC
TEXT: H dependence of TF V infinite
TEXT: H 25 GITF Hhigh-current parameter
TEXT: H for effect on TF A 0 *
TEXT: H 26 GPTF Hexcess phase at freq=1.0/(TF*2PI) Hz deg 0
TEXT: H 27 GCJC HB-C zero-bias depletion capacitance F 0 2PF *
TEXT: H 28 GVJC HB-C built-in potential V 0.75 0.5
TEXT: H 29 GMJC HB-C junction exponential factor - 0.33 0.5
TEXT: H 30 GXCJC Hfraction of B-C depletion capacitance - 1
TEXT: H connected to internal base node
TEXT: H 31 GTR Hideal reverse transit time sec 0 10Ns
TEXT: H 32 GCJS Hzero-bias collector-substrate
TEXT: H capacitance F 0 2PF *
TEXT: H 33 GVJS Hsubstrate junction built-in potential V 0.75
TEXT: H 34 GMJS Hsubstrate junction exponential factor - 0 0.5
TEXT: H 35 GXTB Hforward and reverse beta
TEXT: H temperature exponent - 0
TEXT: H 36 GEG Henergy gap for temperature
TEXT: H effect on IS eV 1.11
TEXT: H 37 GXTI Htemperature exponent for effect on IS - 3
TEXT: H 38 GKF Hflicker-noise coefficient - 0
TEXT: H 39 GAF Hflicker-noise exponent - 1
TEXT: H 40 GFC Hcoefficient for forward-bias
TEXT: H depletion capacitance formula - 0.5
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:q
SUBJECT: c
TITLE: Capacitor Models
TEXT:
TEXT: The capacitor model contains process information that
TEXT: H may be used to compute the capacitance from strictly
TEXT: H geometric information.
TEXT: H
TEXT: Gname Hparameter units default example
TEXT: H
TEXT: H GCJ Hjunction bottom capacitance F/meters2 - 5e-5
TEXT: H GCJSW Hjunction sidewall capacitance F/meters - 2e-11
TEXT: H GDEFW Hdefault device width meters 1e-6 2e-6
TEXT: H GNARROW Hnarrowing due to side etching meters 0.0 1e-7
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: The capacitor has a capacitance computed as
TEXT: H
TEXT: CAP=CJx(LENGTH-NARROW)x(WIDTH-NARROW)+2xCJSWx(LENGTH+WIDTH-2*NARROW)
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:c
SUBJECT: d
TITLE: Diode Models
TEXT:
TEXT: The dc characteristics of the diode are determined by
TEXT: H the parameters GIS Hand GNH. An ohmic resistance, GRSH, is
TEXT: H included. Charge storage effects are modeled by a transit
TEXT: H time, GTTH, and a nonlinear depletion layer capacitance which
TEXT: H is determined by the parameters GCJO, VJH, and GMH. The tem-
TEXT: H perature dependence of the saturation current is defined by
TEXT: H the parameters GEGH, the energy and GXTIH, the saturation
TEXT: H current temperature exponent. Reverse breakdown is modeled
TEXT: H by an exponential increase in the reverse diode current and
TEXT: H is determined by the parameters GBV Hand GIBV H(both of which
TEXT: H are positive numbers).
TEXT: H
TEXT: Gname Hparameter units default example area
TEXT: H
TEXT: H 1 GIS Hsaturation current A 1.0E-14 1.0E-14 *
TEXT: H 2 GRS Hohmic resistance Ohm 0 10 *
TEXT: H 3 GN Hemission coefficient - 1 1.0
TEXT: H 4 GTT Htransit-time sec 0 0.1Ns
TEXT: H 5 GCJO Hzero-bias junction capacitance F 0 2PF *
TEXT: H 6 GVJ Hjunction potential V 1 0.6
TEXT: H 7 GM Hgrading coefficient - 0.5 0.5
TEXT: H 8 GEG Hactivation energy eV 1.11 1.11 Si
TEXT: H 0.69 Sbd
TEXT: H 0.67 Ge
TEXT: H 9 GXTI Hsaturation-current temp. exp - 3.0 3.0 jn
TEXT: H 2.0 Sbd
TEXT: H 10 GKF Hflicker noise coefficient - 0
TEXT: H 11 GAF Hflicker noise exponent - 1
TEXT: H 12 GFC Hcoefficient for forward-bias - 0.5
TEXT: H depletion capacitance formula
TEXT: H 13 GBV Hreverse breakdown voltage V infinite 40.0
TEXT: H 14 GIBV Hcurrent at breakdown voltage A 1.0E-3
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:juncd
SUBJECT: jfet
TITLE: JFET Models
TEXT:
TEXT: The JFET model is derived from the FET model of Shich-
TEXT: H man and Hodges. The DC characteristics are defined by the
TEXT: H parameters GVTO Hand GBETAH, which determine the variation of
TEXT: H drain current with gate voltage, GLAMBDAH, which determines
TEXT: H the output conductance, and GISH, the saturation current of
TEXT: H the two gate junctions. Two ohmic resistances, GRD Hand GRSH,
TEXT: H are included. Charge storage is modeled by nonlinear deple-
TEXT: H tion layer capacitances for both gate junctions which vary
TEXT: H as the -1/2 power of junction voltage and are defined by the
TEXT: H parameters GCGS, CGD, Hand GPBH.
TEXT: H
TEXT: name parameter units default example area
TEXT: H
TEXT: H 1 GVTO Hthreshold voltage V -2.0 -2.0
TEXT: H 2 GBETA Htransconductance parameter A/V**2 1.0E-4 1.0E-3 *
TEXT: H 3 GLAMBDA Hchannel length modulation
TEXT: H parameter 1/V 0 1.0E-4
TEXT: H 4 GRD Hdrain ohmic resistance Ohm 0 100 *
TEXT: H 5 GRS Hsource ohmic resistance Ohm 0 100 *
TEXT: H 6 GCGS Hzero-bias G-S junction capacitance F 0 5PF *
TEXT: H 7 GCGD Hzero-bias G-D junction capacitance F 0 1PF *
TEXT: H 8 GPB Hgate junction potential V 1 0.6
TEXT: H 9 GIS Hgate junction saturation current A 1.0E-14 1.0E-14 *
TEXT: H 10 GKF Hflicker noise coefficient - 0
TEXT: H 11 GAF Hflicker noise exponent - 1
TEXT: H 12 GFC Hcoefficient for forward-bias - 0.5
TEXT: H depletion capacitance formula
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:j
SUBJECT: mesfet
TITLE: MESFET Models
TEXT:
TEXT: The MESFET model is derived from the GaAs FET model of
TEXT: H Statz et al. as described in [4]. The dc characteristics
TEXT: H are defined by the parameters GVTOH, GBH, and GBETAH, which deter-
TEXT: H mine the variation of drain current with gate voltage,
TEXT: H GALPHAH, which determines saturation voltage, and GLAMBDAH,
TEXT: H which determines the output conductance. The formula are
TEXT: H given by
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: Id = 1 + b(Vgs - VT)
TEXT: 8| (Vgs-VT)2_______________
TEXT: |
TEXT: |
TEXT: |
TEXT: |
TEXT: 1 -
TEXT: |
TEXT: |
TEXT: |
TEXT: 1-o( 3
TEXT: Vds___
TEXT: |
TEXT: |
TEXT: |
TEXT:
TEXT: 3|
TEXT: |
TEXT: |
TEXT: |
TEXT: (1 + ,\ Vds) for 0<Vds<o(
TEXT: 3_
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: Id = 1 + b(Vgs - VT)
TEXT: 8| (Vgs-VT)2_______________(1 + ,\ Vds) for Vds>o(
TEXT: 3_
TEXT: H
TEXT: Two ohmic resistances, GRD Hand GRSH, are included. Charge
TEXT: H storage is modeled by total gate charge as a function of
TEXT: H gate-drain and gate-source voltages and is defined by the
TEXT: H parameters GCGS, CGD, Hand GPBH.
TEXT: H
TEXT: name parameter units default example area
TEXT: H
TEXT: H 1 GVTO Hpinch-off voltage V -2.0 -2.0
TEXT: H 2 GBETA Htransconductance parameter A/V**2 1.0E-4 1.0E-3 *
TEXT: H 3 GB Hdoping tail extending parameter 1/V 0.3 0.3 *
TEXT: H 4 GALPHA Hsaturation voltage parameter 1/V 2 2 *
TEXT: H 5 GLAMBDA Hchannel length modulation
TEXT: H parameter 1/V 0 1.0E-4
TEXT: H 6 GRD Hdrain ohmic resistance Ohm 0 100 *
TEXT: H 7 GRS Hsource ohmic resistance Ohm 0 100 *
TEXT: H 8 GCGS Hzero-bias G-S junction capacitance F 0 5PF *
TEXT: H 9 GCGD Hzero-bias G-D junction capacitance F 0 1PF *
TEXT: H 10 GPB Hgate junction potential V 1 0.6
TEXT: H 11 GKF Hflicker noise coefficient - 0
TEXT: H 12 GAF Hflicker noise exponent - 1
TEXT: H 13 GFC Hcoefficient for forward-bias - 0.5
TEXT: H depletion capacitance formula
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:z
SUBJECT: mosfet
TITLE: MOSFET Models
TEXT:
TEXT: SPICE provides four MOSFET device models, which differ
TEXT: H in the formulation of the I-V characteristic. The variable
TEXT: H GLEVEL Hspecifies the model to be used:
TEXT: H
TEXT: LEVEL = 1 -> Shichman-Hodges
TEXT: H LEVEL = 2 -> MOS2 (as described in [1])
TEXT: H LEVEL = 3 -> MOS3, a semi-empirical model (see [1])
TEXT: H LEVEL = 4 -> BSIM (as described in [2])
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: The dc characteristics of the level 1 through level 3
TEXT: H MOSFETs are defined by the device parameters GVTO, KP,
TEXT: H LAMBDA, PHI Hand GGAMMAH. These parameters are computed by
TEXT: H SPICE if process parameters (GNSUB, TOXH, ...) are given, but
TEXT: H user-specified values always override. GVTO His positive
TEXT: H (negative) for enhancement mode and negative (positive) for
TEXT: H depletion mode N-channel (P-channel) devices. Charge storage
TEXT: H is modeled by three constant capacitors, GCGSO, CGDO, Hand
TEXT: H GCGBO Hwhich represent overlap capacitances, by the nonlinear
TEXT: H thin-oxide capacitance which is distributed among the gate,
TEXT: H source, drain, and bulk regions, and by the nonlinear
TEXT: H depletion-layer capacitances for both substrate junctions
TEXT: H divided into bottom and periphery, which vary as the GMJ Hand
TEXT: H GMJSW Hpower of junction voltage respectively, and are deter-
TEXT: H mined by the parameters GCBD, CBS, CJ, CJSW, MJ, MJSW Hand GPBH.
TEXT: H Charge storage effects are modeled by the piecewise linear
TEXT: H voltags-dependent capacitance model proposed by Meyer. The
TEXT: H thin-oxide charge storage effects are treated slightly dif-
TEXT: H ferent for the LEVEL = 1 model. These voltage-dependent
TEXT: H capacitances are included only if GTOX His specified in the
TEXT: H input description and they are represented using Meyer's
TEXT: H formulation.
TEXT: H
TEXT: There is some overlap among the parameters describing
TEXT: H the junctions, e.g. the reverse current can be input either
TEXT: H as GIS H(in A) or as GJS H(in A/m**2). Whereas the first is an
TEXT: H absolute value the second is multiplied by GAD Hand GAS Hto give
TEXT: H the reverse current of the drain and source junctions
TEXT: H respectively. This methodology has been chosen since there
TEXT: H is no sense in relating always junction characteristics with
TEXT: H GAD Hand GAS Hentered on the device line; the areas can be
TEXT: H defaulted. The same idea applies also to the zero-bias
TEXT: H junction capacitances GCBD Hand GCBS H(in F) on one hand, and GCJ
TEXT: H H(in F/m**2) on the other. The parasitic drain and source
TEXT: H series resistance can be expressed as either GRD Hand GRS H(in
TEXT: H ohms) or GRSH H(in ohms/sq.), the latter being multiplied by
TEXT: H the number of squares GNRD Hand GNRS Hinput on the device line.
TEXT: H
TEXT: SPICE level 1 to level 3 parameters.
TEXT: H name parameter units default example
TEXT: H
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: 1 GLEVEL Hmodel index - 1
TEXT: H 2 GVTO Hzero-bias threshold voltage V 0.0 1.0
TEXT: H 3 GKP Htransconductance parameter A/V**2 2.0E-5 3.1E-5
TEXT: H 4 GGAMMA Hbulk threshold parameter V**0.5 0.0 0.37
TEXT: H 5 GPHI Hsurface potential V 0.6 0.65
TEXT: H 6 GLAMBDA Hchannel-length modulation
TEXT: H (MOS1 and MOS2 only) 1/V 0.0 0.02
TEXT: H 7 GRD Hdrain ohmic resistance Ohm 0.0 1.0
TEXT: H 8 GRS Hsource ohmic resistance Ohm 0.0 1.0
TEXT: H 9 GCBD Hzero-bias B-D junction capacitance F 0.0 20FF
TEXT: H 10 GCBS Hzero-bias B-S junction capacitance F 0.0 20FF
TEXT: H 11 GIS Hbulk junction saturation current A 1.0E-14 1.0E-15
TEXT: H 12 GPB Hbulk junction potential V 0.8 0.87
TEXT: H 13 GCGSO Hgate-source overlap capacitance
TEXT: H per meter channel width F/m 0.0 4.0E-11
TEXT: H 14 GCGDO Hgate-drain overlap capacitance
TEXT: H per meter channel width F/m 0.0 4.0E-11
TEXT: H 15 GCGBO Hgate-bulk overlap capacitance
TEXT: H per meter channel length F/m 0.0 2.0E-10
TEXT: H 16 GRSH Hdrain and source diffusion
TEXT: H sheet resistance Ohm/sq. 0.0 10.0
TEXT: H 17 GCJ Hzero-bias bulk junction bottom cap.
TEXT: H per sq-meter of junction area F/m**2 0.0 2.0E-4
TEXT: H 18 GMJ Hbulk junction bottom grading coef. - 0.5 0.5
TEXT: H 19 GCJSW Hzero-bias bulk junction sidewall cap.
TEXT: H per meter of junction perimeter F/m 0.0 1.0E-9
TEXT: H 20 GMJSW Hbulk junction sidewall grading coef. - 0.50(level1)
TEXT: H 0.33(level2,3)
TEXT: H 21 GJS Hbulk junction saturation current
TEXT: H per sq-meter of junction area A/m**2 1.0E-8
TEXT: H 22 GTOX Hoxide thickness meter 1.0E-7 1.0E-7
TEXT: H 23 GNSUB Hsubstrate doping 1/cm**3 0.0 4.0E15
TEXT: H 24 GNSS Hsurface state density 1/cm**2 0.0 1.0E10
TEXT: H 25 GNFS Hfast surface state density 1/cm**2 0.0 1.0E10
TEXT: H 26 GTPG Htype of gate material: - 1.0
TEXT: H +1 opp. to substrate
TEXT: H -1 same as substrate
TEXT: H 0 Al gate
TEXT: H 27 GXJ Hmetallurgical junction depth meter 0.0 1U
TEXT: H 28 GLD Hlateral diffusion meter 0.0 0.8U
TEXT: H 29 GUO Hsurface mobility cm**2/V-s 600 700
TEXT: H 30 GUCRIT Hcritical field for mobility
TEXT: H degradation (MOS2 only) V/cm 1.0E4 1.0E4
TEXT: H 31 GUEXP Hcritical field exponent in
TEXT: H mobility degradation (MOS2 only) - 0.0 0.1
TEXT: H 32 GUTRA Htransverse field coef (mobility)
TEXT: H (deleted for MOS2) - 0.0 0.3
TEXT: H 33 GVMAX Hmaximum drift velocity of carriers m/s 0.0 5.0E4
TEXT: H 34 GNEFF Htotal channel charge (fixed and
TEXT: H mobile) coefficient (MOS2 only) - 1.0 5.0
TEXT: H 35 GKF Hflicker noise coefficient - 0.0 1.0E-26
TEXT: H 36 GAF Hflicker noise exponent - 1.0 1.2
TEXT: H 37 GFC Hcoefficient for forward-bias
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: depletion capacitance formula - 0.5
TEXT: H 38 GDELTA Hwidth effect on threshold voltage
TEXT: H (MOS2 and MOS3) - 0.0 1.0
TEXT: H 39 GTHETA Hmobility modulation (MOS3 only) 1/V 0.0 0.1
TEXT: H 40 GETA Hstatic feedback (MOS3 only) - 0.0 1.0
TEXT: H 41 GKAPPA Hsaturation field factor (MOS3 only) - 0.2 0.5
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: The level 4 parameters are all values obtained from
TEXT: H process characterization, and can be generated automati-
TEXT: H cally. J. Pierret [3] describes a means of generating a
TEXT: H 'process' file, and the program GProc2Mod Hprovided with
TEXT: H SPICE3 will convert this file into a sequence of G.MODEL
TEXT: H Hlines suitable for inclusion in a SPICE circuit file.
TEXT: H Parameters marked below with an * in the l/w column also
TEXT: H have corresponding parameters with a length and width depen-
TEXT: H dency. For example, GVFB His the basic parameter with units
TEXT: H of Volts, and GLVFB Hand GWVFB Halso exist and have units of
TEXT: H Volt-umeter The formula
TEXT: H
TEXT: P=P0+Leffective
TEXT: PL__________+Weffective
TEXT: PW__________
TEXT: H
TEXT: is used to evaluate the parameter for the actual device
TEXT: H specified with
TEXT: H
TEXT: Leffective=Linput-DL
TEXT: H
TEXT: and
TEXT: H
TEXT: Weffective=Winput-DW
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: Note that unlike the other models in SPICE, the BSIM
TEXT: H model is designed for use with a process characterization
TEXT: H system that provides all the parameters, thus there are no
TEXT: H defaults for the parameters, and leaving one out is con-
TEXT: H sidered an error. For an example set of parameters and the
TEXT: H format of a process file, see the SPICE2 implementation
TEXT: H notes[2].
TEXT: H
TEXT: SPICE BSIM (level 4) parameters.
TEXT: H name parameter units l/w
TEXT: H
TEXT: H GVFB Hflat-band voltage V *
TEXT: H GPHI Hsurface inversion potential V *
TEXT: H GK1 Hbody effect coefficient V1/2 *
TEXT: H GK2 Hdrain/source depletion charge sharing coefficient - *
TEXT: H GETA Hzero-bias drain-induced barrier lowering coefficient - *
TEXT: H GMUZ Hzero-bias mobility cm2/V-s
TEXT: H GDL Hshortening of channel um
TEXT: H GDW Hnarrowing of channel um
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: GU0 Hzero-bias transverse-field mobility degradation coefficient V-1 *
TEXT: H GU1 Hzero-bias velocity saturation coefficient um/V *
TEXT: H GX2MZ Hsens. of mobility to substrate bias at vds=0 cm2/V2-s *
TEXT: H GX2E Hsens. of drain-induced barrier lowering effect to substrate bias V-1 *
TEXT: H GX3E Hsens. of drain-induced barrier lowering effect to drain bias at Vds=Vdd V-1 *
TEXT: H GX2U0 Hsens. of transverse field mobility degradation effect to substrate bias V-2 *
TEXT: H GX2U1 Hsens. of velocity saturation effect to substrate bias umV-2 *
TEXT: H GMUS Hmobility at zero substrate bias and at Vds=Vdd cm2/V2-s
TEXT: H GX2MS Hsens. of mobility to substrate bias at Vds=Vdd cm2/V2-s *
TEXT: H GX3MS Hsens. of mobility to drain bias at Vds=Vdd cm2/V2-s *
TEXT: H GX3U1 Hsens. of velocity saturation effect on drain bias at Vds=Vdd umV-2 *
TEXT: H GTOX Hgate oxide thickness um
TEXT: H GTEMP Htemperature at which parameters were measured C
TEXT: H GVDD Hmeasurement bias range V
TEXT: H GCGDO Hgate-drain overlap capacitance per meter channel width F/m
TEXT: H GCGSO Hgate-source overlap capacitance per meter channel width F/m
TEXT: H GCGBO Hgate-bulk overlap capacitance per meter channel length F/m
TEXT: H GXPART Hgate-oxide capacitance charge model flag -
TEXT: H GN0 Hzero-bias subthreshold slope coefficient - *
TEXT: H GNB Hsens. of subthreshold slope to substrate bias - *
TEXT: H GND Hsens. of subthreshold slope to drain bias - *
TEXT: H GRSH Hdrain and source diffusion sheet resistance O_/[]
TEXT: H GJS Hsource drain junction current density A/m2
TEXT: H GPB Hbuilt in potential of source drain junction V
TEXT: H GMJ HGrading coefficient of source drain junction -
TEXT: H GPBSW Hbuilt in potential of source,drain juntion sidewall V
TEXT: H GMJSW Hgrading coefficient of source drain junction sidewall -
TEXT: H GCJ HSource drain junction capacitance per unit area F/m2
TEXT: H GCJSW Hsource drain junction sidewall capacitance per unit length F/m
TEXT: H GWDF Hsource drain junction default width m
TEXT: H GDELL HSource drain junction length reduction m
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: GXPART H= 0 selects a 40/60 drain/source charge partition
TEXT: H in saturation, while GXPART H= 1 selects a 0/100 drain/source
TEXT: H charge partition.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:m
SUBJECT: rmodel
TITLE: Resistor Models
TEXT:
TEXT: The resistor model consists of process-related device
TEXT: H data that allow the resistance to be calculated from
TEXT: H geometric information and to be corrected for temperature.
TEXT: H The parameters available are:
TEXT: H
TEXT: Gname Hparameter units default example
TEXT: H
TEXT: H GTC1 Hfirst order temperature coeff. O_/C 0.0 -
TEXT: H GTC2 Hsecond order temperature coeff. O_/C2 0.0 -
TEXT: H GRSH Hsheet resistance O_/[] - 50
TEXT: H GDEFW Hdefault width meters 1e-6 2e-6
TEXT: H GNARROW Hnarrowing due to side etching meters 0.0 1e-7
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: The sheet resistance is used with the narrowing parame-
TEXT: H ter and _L and _W from the resistor line to determine the nom-
TEXT: H inal resistance by the formula
TEXT: H
TEXT: R=RSHxW-NARROW
TEXT: L-NARROW________
TEXT: H
TEXT: _D_E_F_W is used to supply a default value for _W if one is not
TEXT: H specified on the device line. If either _R_S_H or _L is not
TEXT: H specified, then the standard default resistance value of 1k
TEXT: H O_ is used. After the nominal resistance is calculated, it
TEXT: H is adjusted for temperature by the formula:
TEXT: H
TEXT: RES(temp)=RES(tnom)x(1+TC1x(temp-tnom)+TC2*(temp-tnom)2)
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:r
SUBJECT: swmodel
TITLE: Switch Models
TEXT:
TEXT: The switch model allows an almost ideal switch to be
TEXT: H described in SPICE. The switch is not quite ideal, in that
TEXT: H the resistance can not change from 0 to infinity, but must
TEXT: H always have a finite positive value. By proper selection of
TEXT: H the on and off resistances, they can be effectively zero and
TEXT: H infinity in comparison to other circuit elements. The
TEXT: H parameters available are:
TEXT: H
TEXT: name parameter units default switch
TEXT: H
TEXT: H GVT Hthreshold voltage Volts 0.0 S
TEXT: H GIT Hthreshold current Amps 0.0 W
TEXT: H GVH Hhysteresis voltage Volts 0.0 S
TEXT: H GIH Hhysteresis current Amps 0.0 W
TEXT: H GRON Hon resistance O_ 1.0 both
TEXT: H GROFF Hoff resistance O_ 1/GMIN* both
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: *(See the description of the G.OPTIONS Hline for a
TEXT: H description of GGMINH, its default value results is a off
TEXT: H resistance of 1.0e+12 ohms.)
TEXT: H
TEXT: The use of an ideal element that is highly non-linear
TEXT: H such as a switch can cause large discontinuities to occur in
TEXT: H the circuit node voltages. A rapid change such as that
TEXT: H associated with a switch changing state can cause numerical
TEXT: H roundoff or tolerance problems leading to erroneous results
TEXT: H or timestep difficulties. The user of switches can improve
TEXT: H the situation by taking the following steps:
TEXT: H
TEXT: First of all it is wise to set ideal switch impedences
TEXT: H only high and low enough to be negligible with respect to
TEXT: H other circuit elements. Using switch impedences that are
TEXT: H close to "ideal" in all cases will aggravate the problem of
TEXT: H discontinuities mentioned above. Of course, when modeling
TEXT: H real devices such as MOSFETS, the on resistance should be
TEXT: H adjusted to a realistic level depending on the size of the
TEXT: H device being modelled.
TEXT: H
TEXT: If a wide range of ON to OFF resistance must be used in
TEXT: H the switches (ROFF/RON >1e+12), then the tolerance on errors
TEXT: H allowed during transient analysis should be decreased by
TEXT: H using the G.OPTIONS Hline and specifying GTRTOL Hto be less than
TEXT: H the default value of 7.0. When switches are placed around
TEXT: H capacitors, then the option GCHGTOL Hshould also be reduced.
TEXT: H Suggested values for these two options are 1.0 and 1e-16
TEXT: H respectively. These changes inform SPICE3 to be more care-
TEXT: H ful around the switch points so that no errors are made due
TEXT: H to the rapid change in the circuit.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:sw
SUBJECT: urc
TITLE: URC Models
TEXT:
TEXT: The URC model is derived from a model proposed by L.
TEXT: H Gertzberrg in 1974. The model is accomplished by a subcir-
TEXT: H cuit type expansion of the URC line into a network of lumped
TEXT: H RC segments with internally generated nodes. The RC seg-
TEXT: H ments are in a geometric progression, increasing toward the
TEXT: H middle of the URC line, with K as a proportionality con-
TEXT: H stant. The number of lumped segments used, if not specified
TEXT: H on the URC line, is determined by the following formula:
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: N= logK
TEXT:
TEXT: log
TEXT: |
TEXT: |
TEXT: |
TEXT: FmaxxL
TEXT: R_xL
TEXT: C_x2xi~i~xl2x|
TEXT: | K
TEXT: (K-1)_____|
TEXT: |2
TEXT: |
TEXT: |
TEXT: |______________________________
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: The URC line will be made up strictly of resistor and
TEXT: H capacitor segments unless the GISPERL Hparameter is given a
TEXT: H non-zero value, in which case the capacitors are replaced
TEXT: H with reverse biased diodes with a zero-bias junction capaci-
TEXT: H tance equivalent to the capacitance replaced, and with a
TEXT: H saturation current of GISPERL Hamps per meter of transmission
TEXT: H line and an optional series resistance equivalent to GRSPERL
TEXT: H Hohms per meter.
TEXT: H
TEXT: name parameter units default example area
TEXT: H
TEXT: H 1 GK HPropagation Constant - 2.0 1.2 -
TEXT: H 2 GFMAX HMaximum Frequency of interest Hz 1.0G 6.5MEG -
TEXT: H 3 GRPERL HResistance per unit length Ohm/m 1000 10 -
TEXT: H 4 GCPERL HCapacitance per unit length F/m 1.0E-15 1PF -
TEXT: H 5 GISPERL HSaturation Current per unit length Amp/m 0 - -
TEXT: H 6 GRSPERL HDiode Resistance per unit length Ohm/m 0 - -
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:u
SUBJECT: options
TITLE: Circuit Options
TEXT:
TEXT: The following options are recognised by SPICE3. Not
TEXT: H included are options recognised by the front-end and options
TEXT: H supported for backward compatibility with SPICE2.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:abstol SPICE:bypass SPICE:chgtol
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:defad SPICE:defas SPICE:defl
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:defw SPICE:gmin SPICE:itl1
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:itl2 SPICE:itl5 SPICE:pivrel
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:pivtol SPICE:reltol SPICE:tnom
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:trtol SPICE:vntol
SEEALSO: NUTMEG:set
SEEALSO: SPICE:option
SUBJECT: abstol
TITLE: abstol
TEXT:
TEXT: ABSTOL = x
TEXT: H Resets the absolute current error tolerance of the pro-
TEXT: H gram. The default value is 1 picoamp.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: bypass
TITLE: bypass
TEXT:
TEXT: BYPASS
TEXT: H The bypass option...
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: chgtol
TITLE: chgtol
TEXT:
TEXT: CHGTOL = x
TEXT: H Resets the charge tolerance of the program. The
TEXT: H default value is 1.0E-14.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: defad
TITLE: defad
TEXT:
TEXT: DEFAD = x
TEXT: H Resets the value for MOS drain diffusion area; the
TEXT: H default is 0.0.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:m
SUBJECT: defas
TITLE: defas
TEXT:
TEXT: DEFAS = x
TEXT: H Resets the value for MOS source diffusion area; the
TEXT: H default is 0.0.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:m
SUBJECT: defl
TITLE: defl
TEXT:
TEXT: DEFL = x
TEXT: H Resets the value for MOS channel length; the default is
TEXT: H 100.0 micrometer.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:m
SUBJECT: defw
TITLE: defw
TEXT:
TEXT: DEFW = x
TEXT: H Resets the value for MOS channel width; the default is
TEXT: H 100.0 micrometer.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:m
SUBJECT: gmin
TITLE: gmin
TEXT:
TEXT: GMIN = x
TEXT: H Resets the value of GMIN, the minimum conductance
TEXT: H allowed by the program. The default value is 1.0E-12.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: itl1
TITLE: itl1
TEXT:
TEXT: ITL1 = x
TEXT: Resets the dc iteration limit. The default is 100.
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:dcanalysis
SUBJECT: itl2
TITLE: itl2
TEXT:
TEXT: ITL2 = x
TEXT: Resets the dc transfer curve iteration limit. The
TEXT: default is 50.
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:dcanalysis
SUBJECT: itl5
TITLE: itl5
TEXT:
TEXT: ITL5 = x
TEXT: H Resets the transient analysis total iteration limit.
TEXT: H The default is 5000. Set ITL5=0 to omit this test.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:trananalysis
SUBJECT: pivrel
TITLE: pivrel
TEXT:
TEXT: PIVREL = x
TEXT: H Resets the relative ratio between the largest column
TEXT: H entry and an acceptable pivot value. The default value
TEXT: H is 1.0E-3. In the numerical pivoting algorithm the
TEXT: H allowed minimum pivot value is determined by
TEXT: H EPSREL=AMAX1(PIVREL*MAXVAL,PIVTOL) where MAXVAL is the
TEXT: H maximum element in the column where a pivot is sought
TEXT: H (partial pivoting).
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: pivtol
TITLE: pivtol
TEXT:
TEXT: PIVTOL = x
TEXT: H Resets the absolute minimum value for a matrix entry to
TEXT: H be accepted as a pivot. The default value is 1.0E-13.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: reltol
TITLE: reltol
TEXT:
TEXT: RELTOL = x
TEXT: H Resets the relative error tolerance of the program.
TEXT: H The default value is 0.001 (0.1 percent).
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: tnom
TITLE: tnom
TEXT:
TEXT: TNOM = x
TEXT: H Resets the nominal temperature. The default value is
TEXT: H 27 deg C (300 deg K).
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: trtol
TITLE: trtol
TEXT:
TEXT: TRTOL = x
TEXT: H Resets the transient error tolerance. The default
TEXT: H value is 7.0. This parameter is an estimate of the
TEXT: H factor by which SPICE overestimates the actual trunca-
TEXT: H tion error.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: vntol
TITLE: vntol
TEXT:
TEXT: VNTOL = x
TEXT: H Resets the absolute voltage error tolerance of the pro-
TEXT: H gram. The default value is 1 microvolt.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: convergence
TITLE: Convergence
TEXT:
TEXT: Both dc and transient solutions are obtained by an
TEXT: H iterative process which is terminated when both of the fol-
TEXT: H lowing conditions hold:
TEXT: H
TEXT: 1) The nonlinear branch currents converge to within a
TEXT: H tolerance of 0.1 percent or 1 picoamp (1.0E-12 Amp),
TEXT: H whichever is larger.
TEXT: H
TEXT: 2) The node voltages converge to within a tolerance of 0.1
TEXT: H percent or 1 microvolt (1.0E-6 Volt), whichever is
TEXT: H larger.
TEXT: H
TEXT: Although the algorithm used in SPICE has been found to
TEXT: H be very reliable, in some cases it will fail to converge to
TEXT: H a solution. When this failure occurs, the program will ter-
TEXT: H minate the job.
TEXT: H
TEXT: Failure to converge in dc analysis is usually due to an
TEXT: H error in specifying circuit connections, element values, or
TEXT: H model parameter values. Regenerative switching circuits or
TEXT: H circuits with positive feedback probably will not converge
TEXT: H in the dc analysis unless the GOFF Hoption is used for some of
TEXT: H the devices in the feedback path, or the G.NODESET Hline is
TEXT: H used to force the circuit to converge to the desired state.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: elements
TITLE: Circuit Elements
TEXT:
TEXT: The following circuit elements are available in SPICE.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:cl SPICE:depsource SPICE:iv
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:k SPICE:r SPICE:semicond
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:sw SPICE:t
SUBJECT: cl
TITLE: Capacitors and Inductors
TEXT:
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: CH_X_X_X_X_X_X_X _N+ _N- _V_A_L_U_E <GICH=_I_N_C_O_N_D>
TEXT: H LYYYYYYY N+ N- VALUE <GICH=_I_N_C_O_N_D>
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: CHBYP 13 0 1UF
TEXT: H GCHOSC 17 23 10U IC=3V
TEXT: H GLHLINK 42 69 1UH
TEXT: H GLHSHUNT 23 51 10U IC=15.7MA
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: _N+ and _N- are the positive and negative element nodes,
TEXT: H respectively. _V_A_L_U_E is the capacitance in Farads or the
TEXT: H inductance in Henries.
TEXT: H
TEXT: For the capacitor, the (optional) initial condition is
TEXT: H the initial (time-zero) value of capacitor voltage (in
TEXT: H Volts). For the inductor, the (optional) initial condition
TEXT: H is the initial (time-zero) value of inductor current (in
TEXT: H Amps) that flows from _N+, through the inductor, to _N-. Note
TEXT: H that the initial conditions (if any) apply only if the GUIC
TEXT: H Hoption is specified on the G.TRAN Hline.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:c
SUBJECT: depsource
TITLE: Linear Dependent Sources
TEXT:
TEXT: SPICE allows circuits to contain linear dependent
TEXT: H sources characterized by any of the four equations
TEXT: H
TEXT: i = _g * v v = _e * v i = _f * i v = _h * i
TEXT: H
TEXT: where _g, _e, _f, and _h are constants representing
TEXT: H transconductance,voltage gain, current gain, and transresis-
TEXT: H tance, respectively.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:VCVS SPICE:f SPICE:g
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:h
SUBJECT: VCVS
TITLE: Voltage-Controlled Voltage Sources
TEXT:
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: EH_X_X_X_X_X_X_X _N+ _N- _N_C+ _N_C- _V_A_L_U_E
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: EH1 2 3 14 1 2.0
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: _N+ is the positive node, and _N- is the negative node.
TEXT: H _N_C+ and _N_C- are the positive and negative controlling nodes,
TEXT: H respectively. _V_A_L_U_E is the voltage gain.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: f
TITLE: Current-Controlled Current Sources
TEXT:
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: FH_X_X_X_X_X_X_X _N+ _N- _V_N_A_M _V_A_L_U_E
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: FH1 13 5 VSENS 5
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: _N+ and _N- are the positive and negative nodes, respec-
TEXT: H tively. Current flow is from the positive node, through the
TEXT: H source, to the negative node. _V_N_A_M is the name of a voltage
TEXT: H source through which the controlling current flows. The
TEXT: H direction of positive controlling current flow is from the
TEXT: H positive node, through the source, to the negative node of
TEXT: H _V_N_A_M. _V_A_L_U_E is the current gain.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: g
TITLE: Voltage Controlled Current Sources
TEXT:
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: GH_X_X_X_X_X_X_X _N+ _N- _N_C+ _N_C- _V_A_L_U_E
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: GH1 2 0 5 0 0.1MMHO
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: _N+ and _N- are the positive and negative nodes, respec-
TEXT: H tively. Current flow is from the positive node, through the
TEXT: H source, to the negative node. _N_C+ and _N_C- are the positive
TEXT: H and negative controlling nodes, respectively. _V_A_L_U_E is the
TEXT: H transconductance (in mhos).
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: h
TITLE: Current-Controlled Voltage Sources
TEXT:
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: HH_X_X_X_X_X_X_X _N+ _N- _V_N_A_M _V_A_L_U_E
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: HHX 5 17 VZ 0.5K
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: _N+ and _N- are the positive and negative nodes, respec-
TEXT: H tively. _V_N_A_M is the name of a voltage source through which
TEXT: H the controlling current flows. The direction of positive
TEXT: H controlling current flow is from the positive node, through
TEXT: H the source, to the negative node of _V_N_A_M. _V_A_L_U_E is the
TEXT: H transresistance (in ohms).
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: iv
TITLE: Independent Sources
TEXT:
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: VH_X_X_X_X_X_X_X _N+ _N- <<_D_C> _D_C/_T_R_A_N _V_A_L_U_E> <_A_C <_A_C_M_A_G <_A_C_P_H_A_S_E>>>
TEXT: H GIH_Y_Y_Y_Y_Y_Y_Y _N+ _N- <<_D_C> _D_C/_T_R_A_N _V_A_L_U_E> <_A_C <_A_C_M_A_G <_A_C_P_H_A_S_E>>>
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: VHCC 10 0 GDC H6
TEXT: H GVHIN 13 2 0.001 GAC H1 GSINH(0 1 1MEG)
TEXT: H GIHSRC 23 21 GAC H0.333 45.0 GSFFMH(0 1 10K 5 1K)
TEXT: H GVHMEAS 12 9
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: _N+ and _N- are the positive and negative nodes, respec-
TEXT: H tively. Note that voltage sources need not be grounded.
TEXT: H Positive current is assumed to flow from the positive node,
TEXT: H through the source, to the negative node. A current source
TEXT: H of positive value, will force current to flow out of the _N+
TEXT: H node, through the source, and into the _N- node. Voltage
TEXT: H sources, in addition to being used for circuit excitation,
TEXT: H are the 'ammeters' for SPICE, that is, zero valued voltage
TEXT: H sources may be inserted into the circuit for the purpose of
TEXT: H measuring current. They will, of course, have no effect on
TEXT: H circuit operation since they represent short-circuits.
TEXT: H
TEXT: _D_C/_T_R_A_N is the dc and transient analysis value of the
TEXT: H source. If the source value is zero both for dc and tran-
TEXT: H sient analyses, this value may be omitted. If the source
TEXT: H value is time-invariant (e.g., a power supply), then he
TEXT: H value may optionally be preceded by the letters DC.
TEXT: H
TEXT: _A_C_M_A_G is the ac magnitude and _A_C_P_H_A_S_E is the ac phase.
TEXT: H The source is set to this value in the ac analysis. If
TEXT: H _A_C_M_A_G is omitted following the keyword GACH, a value of unity
TEXT: H is assumed. If _A_C_P_H_A_S_E is omitted, a value of zero is
TEXT: H assumed. If the source is not an ac small-signal input, the
TEXT: H keyword GAC Hand the ac values are omitted.
TEXT: H
TEXT: Any independent source can be assigned a time-dependent
TEXT: H value for transient analysis. If a source is assigned a
TEXT: H time-dependent value, the time-zero value is used for dc
TEXT: H analysis. There are five independent source functions:
TEXT: H pulse, exponential, sinusoidal, piece-wise linear, and
TEXT: H single-frequency FM. If parameters other than source values
TEXT: H are omitted or set to zero, the default values shown will be
TEXT: H assumed. (_T_S_T_E_P is the printing increment and _T_S_T_O_P is the
TEXT: H final time (see the G.TRAN Hline for explanation)).
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:Exponential SPICE:fm SPICE:pulse
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:pwl SPICE:sin
SUBJECT: Exponential
TITLE: Exponential
TEXT:
TEXT: GEXPH(_V_1 _V_2 _T_D_1 _T_A_U_1 _T_D_2 _T_A_U_2)
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: VHIN 3 0 GEXPH(-4 -1 2NS 30NS 60NS 40NS)
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: Gparameters default values units
TEXT: H
TEXT: H V1 (initial value) HVolts or Amps
TEXT: H GV2 (pulsed value) HVolts or Amps
TEXT: H GTD1 (rise delay time) H0.0 seconds
TEXT: H GTAU1 (rise time constant) HTSTEP seconds
TEXT: H GTD2 (fall delay time) HTD1+TSTEP seconds
TEXT: H GTAU2 (fall time constant) HTSTEP seconds
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: The shape of the waveform is described by the following
TEXT: H table:
TEXT: H
TEXT: time value
TEXT: H
TEXT: H 0 to TD1 V1
TEXT: H TD1 to TD2 V1+(V2-V1)*(1-exp(-(time-TD1)/TAU1))
TEXT: H TD2 to TSTOP V1+(V2-V1)*(1-exp(-(time-TD1)/TAU1))
TEXT: H +(V1-V2)*(1-exp(-(time-TD2)/TAU2))
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: fm
TITLE: Single-Frequency FM
TEXT:
TEXT: GSFFMH(_V_O _V_A _F_C _M_D_I _F_S)
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: VH1 12 0 GSFFMH(0 1M 20K 5 1K)
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: Gparameters default values units
TEXT: H
TEXT: H VO (offset) HVolts or Amps
TEXT: H GVA (amplitude) HVolts or Amps
TEXT: H GFC (carrier frequency) H1/TSTOP Hz
TEXT: H GMDI (modulation index)
TEXT: H FS (signal frequency) H1/TSTOP Hz
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: The shape of the waveform is described by the following
TEXT: H equation:
TEXT: H
TEXT: value = VO + VA*sine((twopi*FC*time) + MDI*sine(twopi*FS*time))
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: pulse
TITLE: Pulse
TEXT:
TEXT: GPULSEH(_V_1 _V_2 _T_D _T_R _T_F _P_W _P_E_R)
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: VHIN 3 0 GPULSEH(-1 1 2NS 2NS 2NS 50NS 100NS)
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: Gparameters Hdefault values units
TEXT: H
TEXT: H GV1 (initial value) HVolts or Amps
TEXT: H GV2 (pulsed value) HVolts or Amps
TEXT: H GTD (delay time) H0.0 seconds
TEXT: H GTR (rise time) HTSTEP seconds
TEXT: H GTF (fall time) HTSTEP seconds
TEXT: H GPW (pulse width) HTSTOP seconds
TEXT: H GPER(period) HTSTOP seconds
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: A single pulse so specified is described by the follow-
TEXT: H ing table:
TEXT: H
TEXT: time value
TEXT: H
TEXT: H 0 V1
TEXT: H TD V1
TEXT: H TD+TR V2
TEXT: H TD+TR+PW V2
TEXT: H TD+TR+PW+TF V1
TEXT: H TSTOP V1
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: Intermediate points are determined by linear interpolation.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: pwl
TITLE: Piece-Wise Linear
TEXT:
TEXT: GPWLH(_T_1 _V_1 <_T_2 _V_2 _T_3 _V_3 _T_4 _V_4 ...>)
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: VHCLOCK 7 5 GPWLH(0 -7 10NS -7 11NS -3 17NS -3 18NS -7 50NS -7)
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: Each pair of values (_T_i, _V_i) specifies that the value
TEXT: H of the source is _V_i (in Volts or Amps) at time = _T_i. The
TEXT: H value of the source at intermediate values of time is deter-
TEXT: H mined by using linear interpolation on the input values.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: sin
TITLE: Sinusoidal
TEXT:
TEXT: GSINH(_V_O _V_A _F_R_E_Q _T_D _T_H_E_T_A)
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: VHIN 3 0 GSINH(0 1 100MEG 1NS 1E10)
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: Gparameters default value units
TEXT: H
TEXT: H VO (offset) Volts or Amps
TEXT: H VA (amplitude) Volts or Amps
TEXT: H FREQ (frequency) 1/TSTOP Hz
TEXT: H TD (delay) 0.0 seconds
TEXT: H THETA (damping factor) 0.0 1/seconds
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: HThe shape of the waveform is described by the following
TEXT: H table:
TEXT: H
TEXT: time value
TEXT: H
TEXT: H 0 to TD VO
TEXT: H TD to TSTOP VO + VA*exp(-(time-TD)*THETA)*
TEXT: H sine(twopi*FREQ*(time+TD))
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: k
TITLE: Coupled (Mutual) Inductors
TEXT:
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: KHXXXXXXX GLH_Y_Y_Y_Y_Y_Y_Y GLH_Z_Z_Z_Z_Z_Z_Z _V_A_L_U_E
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: KH43 GLHAA GLHBB 0.999
TEXT: H GKHXFRMR GLH1 GLH2 0.87
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: GLH_Y_Y_Y_Y_Y_Y_Y _a_n_d GLH_Z_Z_Z_Z_Z_Z_Z _a_r_e _t_h_e _n_a_m_e_s _o_f _t_h_e _t_w_o _c_o_u_p_l_e_d
TEXT: H _i_n_d_u_c_t_o_r_s, _a_n_d _V_A_L_U_E is the coefficient of coupling, K,
TEXT: H which must be greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.
TEXT: H Using the 'dot' convention, place a 'dot' on the first node
TEXT: H of each inductor.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:cl
SUBJECT: semicond
TITLE: Semiconductor Devices
TEXT:
TEXT: The elements described to this point typically require
TEXT: H only a few parameter values. However, the models for the
TEXT: H semiconductor devices that are included in the SPICE program
TEXT: H require many parameter values. Often, many devices in a
TEXT: H circuit are defined by the same set of device model parame-
TEXT: H ters. For these reasons, a set of device model parameters
TEXT: H is defined on a separate G.MODEL Hline and assigned a unique
TEXT: H model name. The device element lines in SPICE then refer to
TEXT: H the model name. This scheme alleviates the need to specify
TEXT: H all of the model parameters on each device element line.
TEXT: H
TEXT: Each device element line contains the device name, the
TEXT: H nodes to which the device is connected, and the device model
TEXT: H name. In addition, other optional parameters may be speci-
TEXT: H fied for some devices: geometric factors and an initial
TEXT: H condition.
TEXT: H
TEXT: The area factor used on the diode, BJT, JFET, and MES-
TEXT: H FET device lines determines the number of equivalent paral-
TEXT: H lel devices of a specified model. The affected parameters
TEXT: H are marked with an asterisk under the heading 'area' in the
TEXT: H model descriptions below. Several geometric factors associ-
TEXT: H ated with the channel and the drain and source diffusions
TEXT: H can be specified on the MOSFET device line.
TEXT: H
TEXT: Two different forms of initial conditions may be speci-
TEXT: H fied for some devices. The first form is included to
TEXT: H improve the dc convergence for circuits that contain more
TEXT: H than one stable state. If a device is specified GOFFH, the dc
TEXT: H operating point is determined with the terminal voltages for
TEXT: H that device set to zero. After convergence is obtained, the
TEXT: H program continues to iterate to obtain the exact value for
TEXT: H the terminal voltages. If a circuit has more than one dc
TEXT: H stable state, the GOFF Hoption can be used to force the solu-
TEXT: H tion to correspond to a desired state. If a device is
TEXT: H specified GOFF Hwhen in reality the device is conducting, the
TEXT: H program will still obtain the correct solution (assuming the
TEXT: H solutions converge) but more iterations will be required
TEXT: H since the program must independently converge to two
TEXT: H separate solutions. The G.NODESET Hline serves a similar pur-
TEXT: H pose as the OFF option. The G.NODESET Hoption is easier to
TEXT: H apply and is the preferred means to aid convergence.
TEXT: H
TEXT: The second form of initial conditions are specified for
TEXT: H use with the transient analysis. These are true 'initial
TEXT: H conditions' as opposed to the convergence aids above. See
TEXT: H the description of the G.IC Hline and the G.TRAN Hline for a
TEXT: H detailed explanation of initial conditions.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:Capacitors SPICE:juncd SPICE:j
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:m SPICE:q SPICE:r
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:u SPICE:z
SUBJECT: Capacitors
TITLE: Capacitors
TEXT:
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: CH_X_X_X_X_X_X_X _N_1 _N_2 <_V_A_L_U_E> <_M_N_A_M_E> <_L=_L_E_N_G_T_H> <_W=_W_I_D_T_H> <_I_C=_V_A_L>
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: CHLOAD 2 10 10P
TEXT: H GCHMOD 3 7 CMODEL L=10u W=1u
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: This is the more general form of the capacitor
TEXT: H presented in section 6.2, and allows for the calculation of
TEXT: H the actual capacitance value from strictly geometric infor-
TEXT: H mation and the specifications of the process. If _V_A_L_U_E is
TEXT: H specified, it defines the capacitance. If _M_N_A_M_E is speci-
TEXT: H fied, then the capacitance is calculated from the process
TEXT: H information in the model _M_N_A_M_E and the given _L_E_N_G_T_H and
TEXT: H _W_I_D_T_H. If _V_A_L_U_E is not specified, then _M_N_A_M_E and _L_E_N_G_T_H
TEXT: H Gmust Hbe specified. If _W_I_D_T_H is not specified, then it will
TEXT: H be taken from the default width given in the model. Either
TEXT: H _V_A_L_U_E or _M_N_A_M_E, _L_E_N_G_T_H, and _W_I_D_T_H may be specified, but not
TEXT: H both sets.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:cl
SUBJECT: juncd
TITLE: Junction Diodes
TEXT:
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: DH_X_X_X_X_X_X_X _N+ _N- _M_N_A_M_E <_A_R_E_A> <GOFFH> <IC=VD>
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: DHBRIDGE 2 10 DIODE1
TEXT: H GDHCLMP 3 7 DMOD 3.0 IC=0.2
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: _N+ and _N- are the positive and negative nodes, respec-
TEXT: H tively. _M_N_A_M_E is the model name, _A_R_E_A is the area factor,
TEXT: H and GOFF Hindicates an (optional) starting condition on the
TEXT: H device for dc analysis. If the area factor is omitted, a
TEXT: H value of 1.0 is assumed. The (optional) initial condition
TEXT: H specification using GICH=_V_D is intended for use with the GUIC
TEXT: H Hoption on the Gother than the quiescent operating point.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:d
SUBJECT: j
TITLE: Junction Field-Effect Transistors
TEXT:
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: JH_X_X_X_X_X_X_X _N_D _N_G _N_S _M_N_A_M_E <_A_R_E_A> <GOFFH> <_I_C=_V_D_S,_V_G_S>
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: JH1 7 2 3 JM1 GOFF
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: H_N_D, _N_G, and _N_S are the drain, gate, and source nodes,
TEXT: H respectively. _M_N_A_M_E is the model name, _A_R_E_A is the area
TEXT: H factor, and GOFF Hindicates an (optional) initial condition on
TEXT: H the device for dc analysis. If the area factor is omitted,
TEXT: H a value of 1.0 is assumed. The (optional) initial condition
TEXT: H specificaion using GICH=_V_D_S,_V_G_S is intended for use with the
TEXT: H GUIC Hoption on the G.TRAN Hline, when a transient analysis is
TEXT: H desired starting from other than the quiescent operating
TEXT: H point. See the description of the G.IC Hline for a better way
TEXT: H to set initial conditions.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:jfet
SUBJECT: m
TITLE: MOSFET's
TEXT:
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: MH_X_X_X_X_X_X_X _N_D _N_G _N_S _N_B _M_N_A_M_E <_L=_V_A_L> <_W=_V_A_L> <_A_D=_V_A_L> <_A_S=_V_A_L>
TEXT: H + <_P_D=_V_A_L> <_P_S=_V_A_L> <_N_R_D=_V_A_L> <_N_R_S=_V_A_L> <GOFFH> <_I_C=_V_D_S,_V_G_S,_V_B_S>
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: MH1 24 2 0 20 TYPE1
TEXT: H GMH31 2 17 6 10 MODM L=5U W=2U
TEXT: H GMH1 2 9 3 0 MOD1 L=10U W=5U AD=100P AS=100P PD=40U PS=40U
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: _N_D, _N_G, _N_S, and _N_B are the drain, gate, source, and
TEXT: H bulk (substrate) nodes, respectively. _M_N_A_M_E is the model
TEXT: H name. _L and _W are the channel length and width, in meters.
TEXT: H _A_D and _A_S are the areas of the drain and source diffusions,
TEXT: H in sq-meters. Note that the suffix `U' specifies microns
TEXT: H (1E-6 m) and P sq-microns (1E-12 sq-m). If any of _L, _W, _A_D,
TEXT: H or _A_S are not specified, default values are used. The use
TEXT: H of defaults simplifies input file preparation, as well as
TEXT: H the editing required if device geometries are to be changed.
TEXT: H _P_D and _P_S are the perimeters of the drain and source junc-
TEXT: H tions, in meters. _N_R_D and _N_R_S designate the equivalent
TEXT: H number of squares of the drain and source diffusions; these
TEXT: H values multiply the sheet resistance _R_S_H specified on the
TEXT: H G.MODEL Hline for an accurate representation of the parasitic
TEXT: H series drain and source resistance of each transistor. _P_D
TEXT: H and _P_S default to 0.0 while _N_R_D and _N_R_S to 1.0. GOFF Hindi-
TEXT: H cates an (optional) initial condition on the device for dc
TEXT: H analysis. The (optional) initial condition specification
TEXT: H using GICH=_V_D_S,_V_G_S,_V_B_S is intended for use with the GUIC Hoption
TEXT: H on the G.TRAN Hline, when a transient analysis is desired
TEXT: H starting from other than the quiescent operating point. See
TEXT: H the description of the G.IC Hline for a better and more con-
TEXT: H venient way to specify transient initial conditions.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:mosfet
SUBJECT: q
TITLE: Bipolar Junction Transistors
TEXT:
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: QH_X_X_X_X_X_X_X _N_C _N_B _N_E <_N_S> _M_N_A_M_E <_A_R_E_A> <GOFFH> <_I_C=_V_B_E,_V_C_E>
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: QH23 10 24 13 QMOD IC=0.6,5.0
TEXT: H GQH50A 11 26 4 20 MOD1
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: _N_C, _N_B, and _N_E are the collector, base, and emitter
TEXT: H nodes, respectively. _N_S is the (optional) substrate node.
TEXT: H If unspecified, ground is used. _M_N_A_M_E is the model name,
TEXT: H _A_R_E_A is the area factor, and GOFF Hindicates an (optional)
TEXT: H initial condition on the device for the dc analysis. If the
TEXT: H area factor is omitted, a value of 1.0 is assumed. The
TEXT: H (optional) initial condition specification using GICH=_V_B_E,_V_C_E
TEXT: H is intended for use with the GUIC Hoption on the G.TRAN Hline,
TEXT: H when a transient analysis is desired starting from other
TEXT: H than the quiescent operating point. See the G.IC Hline
TEXT: H description for a better way to set transient initial condi-
TEXT: H tions.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:bjt
SUBJECT: r
TITLE: Resistors
TEXT:
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: RH_X_X_X_X_X_X_X _N_1 _N_2 <_V_A_L_U_E> <_M_N_A_M_E> <_L=_L_E_N_G_T_H> <_W=_W_I_D_T_H>
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: RHLOAD 2 10 10K
TEXT: H GRHMOD 3 7 RMODEL L=10u W=1u
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: This is the more general form of the resistor presented
TEXT: H in section 6.1, and allows the modeling of temperature
TEXT: H effects and for the calculation of the actual resistance
TEXT: H value from strictly geometric information and the specifica-
TEXT: H tions of the process. If _V_A_L_U_E is specified, it overrides
TEXT: H the geometric information and defines the resistance. If
TEXT: H _M_N_A_M_E is specified, then the resistance may be calculated
TEXT: H from the process information in the model _M_N_A_M_E and the
TEXT: H given _L_E_N_G_T_H and _W_I_D_T_H. If _V_A_L_U_E is not specified, then
TEXT: H _M_N_A_M_E and _L_E_N_G_T_H Gmust Hbe specified. If _W_I_D_T_H is not speci-
TEXT: H fied, then it will be taken from the default width given in
TEXT: H the model.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:rmodel
SUBJECT: u
TITLE: URC's (Lossy)
TEXT:
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: UH_X_X_X_X_X_X_X _N_1 _N_2 _N_3 _M_N_A_M_E _L=_L_E_N <_N=_L_U_M_P_S>
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: UH1 1 2 0 URCMOD L=50U
TEXT: H GUHRC2 1 12 2 UMODL l=1MIL N=6
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: _N_1 and _N_2 are the two element nodes the RC line con-
TEXT: H nects, while _N_3 is the node to which the capacitances are
TEXT: H connected. _M_N_A_M_E is the model name, _L_E_N is the length of
TEXT: H the RC line in meters. _L_U_M_P_S, if specified, is the number
TEXT: H of lumped segments to use in modeling the RC line (see the
TEXT: H model description for the action taken if this parameter is
TEXT: H omitted).
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:t
SUBJECT: z
TITLE: MESFET's
TEXT:
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: ZH_X_X_X_X_X_X_X _N_D _N_G _N_S _M_N_A_M_E <_A_R_E_A> <GOFFH> <_I_C=_V_D_S,_V_G_S>
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: ZH1 7 2 3 ZM1 GOFF
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: H_N_D, _N_G, and _N_S are the drain, gate, and source nodes,
TEXT: H respectively. _M_N_A_M_E is the model name, _A_R_E_A is the area
TEXT: H factor, and GOFF Hindicates an (optional) initial condition on
TEXT: H the device for dc analysis. If the area factor is omitted,
TEXT: H a value of 1.0 is assumed. The (optional) initial condition
TEXT: H specification, using GICH=_V_D_S,_V_G_S is intended for use with the
TEXT: H GUIC Hoption on the G.TRAN Hline, when a transient analysis is
TEXT: H desired starting from other than the quiescent operating
TEXT: H point. See the description of the G.IC Hline for a better way
TEXT: H to set initial conditions.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:mesfet
SUBJECT: sw
TITLE: Switches
TEXT:
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: SH_X_X_X_X_X_X_X _N+ _N- _N_C+ _N_C- _M_O_D_E_L G<ON><OFF>
TEXT: H WH_Y_Y_Y_Y_Y_Y_Y _N+ _N- _V_N_A_M _M_O_D_E_L G<ON><OFF>
TEXT: H
TEXT: Examples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: SH1 1 2 3 4 SWITCH1 GON
TEXT: H SH2 5 6 3 0 SM2 GOFF
TEXT: H SHWITCH1 1 2 10 0 SMODEL1
TEXT: H GWH1 1 2 VCLOCK SWITCHMOD1
TEXT: H GWH2 3 0 VRAMP SM1 GON
TEXT: H WHRESET 5 6 VCLCK LOSSYSWITCH GOFF
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: HNodes _N+ and _N- are the nodes between which the switch
TEXT: H terminals are connected. The model name is mandatory while
TEXT: H the initial conditions are optional. For the voltage con-
TEXT: H trolled switch, nodes _N_C+ and _N_C- are the positive and nega-
TEXT: H tive controlling nodes respectively. For the current con-
TEXT: H trolled switch, the controlling current is that through the
TEXT: H specified voltage source. The direction of positive con-
TEXT: H trolling current flow is from the positive node, through the
TEXT: H source, to the negative node.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:swmodel
SUBJECT: t
TITLE: Transmission Lines (Lossless)
TEXT:
TEXT: GGeneral form:
TEXT: H
TEXT: TH_X_X_X_X_X_X_X _N_1 _N_2 _N_3 _N_4 GZ0H=_V_A_L_U_E <GTDH=_V_A_L_U_E>
TEXT: H + <GF=H_F_R_E_Q <GNLH=_N_R_M_L_E_N>> <GICH=_V_1,_I_1,_V_2,_I_2>
TEXT: H
TEXT: GExamples:
TEXT: H
TEXT: TH1 1 0 2 0 Z0=50 GTDH=10NS
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: _N_1 and _N_2 are the nodes at port 1; _N_3 and _N_4 are the
TEXT: H nodes at port 2. _Z_0 is the characteristic impedance. The
TEXT: H length of the line may be expressed in either of two forms.
TEXT: H The transmission delay, _T_D, may be specified directly (as
TEXT: H GTDH=10ns, for example). Alternatively, a frequency GF Hmay be
TEXT: H given, together with GNLH, the normalized electrical length of
TEXT: H the transmission line with respect to the wavelength in the
TEXT: H line at the frequency GFH. If a frequency is specified but GNL
TEXT: H His omitted, 0.25 is assumed (that is, the frequency is
TEXT: H assumed to be the quarter-wave frequency). Note that
TEXT: H although both forms for expressing the line length are indi-
TEXT: H cated as optional, one of the two must be specified.
TEXT: H
TEXT: Note that this element models only one propagating
TEXT: H mode. If all four nodes are distinct in the actual circuit,
TEXT: H then two modes may be excited. To simulate such a situa-
TEXT: H tion, two transmission-line elements are required. (see the
TEXT: H example in Appendix A for further clarification.)
TEXT: H
TEXT: The (optional) initial condition specification consists
TEXT: H of the voltage and current at each of the transmission line
TEXT: H ports. Note that the initial conditions (if any) apply only
TEXT: H if the GUIC Hoption is specified on the G.TRAN Hline.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: examples
TITLE: Circuit Examples
TEXT:
TEXT: The following circuits are examples.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:ex1 SPICE:ex2 SPICE:ex3
SUBTOPIC: SPICE:ex4 SPICE:ex5
SUBJECT: ex1
TITLE: Example 1
TEXT:
TEXT: The following circuit determines the dc operating point
TEXT: H of a simple differential pair. In addition, the ac small-
TEXT: H signal response is computed over the frequency range 1Hz to
TEXT: H 100MEGHz.
TEXT: H
TEXT: SIMPLE DIFFERENTIAL PAIR
TEXT: H GVHCC 7 0 12
TEXT: H GVHEE 8 0 -12
TEXT: H GVHIN 1 0 AC 1
TEXT: H GRHS1 1 2 1K
TEXT: H GRHS2 6 0 1K
TEXT: H GQH1 3 2 4 MOD1
TEXT: H GQH2 5 6 4 MOD1
TEXT: H GRHC1 7 3 10K
TEXT: H GRHC2 7 5 10K
TEXT: H GRHE 4 8 10K
TEXT: H G.MODEL HMOD1 NPN BF=50 VAF=50 IS=1.E-12 RB=100 CJC=.5PF TF=.6NS
TEXT: H G.AC DEC H10 1 100MEG
TEXT: H G.END
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: ex2
TITLE: Example 2
TEXT:
TEXT: The following file computes the output characteristics
TEXT: H of a MOSFET device over the range 0-10V for VDS and 0-5V for
TEXT: H VGS.
TEXT: H
TEXT: MOS OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
TEXT: H GVHDS 3 0
TEXT: H GVHGS 2 0
TEXT: H GMH1 1 2 0 0 MOD1 L=4U W=6U AD=10P AS=10P
TEXT: H G.MODEL HMOD1 NMOS VTO=-2 NSUB=1.0E15 UO=550
TEXT: H * VIDS MEASURES ID, WE COULD HAVE USED VDS, BUT ID WOULD BE NEGATIVE
TEXT: H GVHIDS 3 1
TEXT: H G.DC HVDS 0 10 .5 VGS 0 5 1
TEXT: H G.END
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: ex3
TITLE: Example 3
TEXT:
TEXT: The following file determines the dc transfer curve and
TEXT: H the transient pulse response of a simple RTL inverter. The
TEXT: H input is a pulse from 0 to 5 Volts with delay, rise, and
TEXT: H fall times of 2ns and a pulse width of 30ns. The transient
TEXT: H interval is 0 to 100ns, with printing to be done every
TEXT: H nanosecond.
TEXT: H
TEXT: SIMPLE RTL INVERTER
TEXT: H GVHCC 4 0 5
TEXT: H GVHIN 1 0 PULSE 0 5 2NS 2NS 2NS 30NS
TEXT: H GRHB 1 2 10K
TEXT: H GQH1 3 2 0 Q1
TEXT: H GRHC 3 4 1K
TEXT: H G.MODEL HQ1 NPN BF 20 RB 100 TF .1NS CJC 2PF
TEXT: H G.DC HVIN 0 5 0.1
TEXT: H G.TRAN H1NS 100NS
TEXT: H G.END
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: ex4
TITLE: Example 4
TEXT:
TEXT: The following file simulates a four-bit binary adder,
TEXT: H using several subcircuits to describe various pieces of the
TEXT: H overall circuit.
TEXT: H
TEXT: ADDER - 4 BIT ALL-NAND-GATE BINARY ADDER
TEXT: H *** SUBCIRCUIT DEFINITIONS
TEXT: H G.SUBCKT HNAND 1 2 3 4
TEXT: H * NODES: INPUT(2), OUTPUT, VCC
TEXT: H GQH1 9 5 1 QMOD
TEXT: H GDH1CLAMP 0 1 DMOD
TEXT: H GQH2 9 5 2 QMOD
TEXT: H GDH2CLAMP 0 2 DMOD
TEXT: H GRHB 4 5 4K
TEXT: H GRH1 4 6 1.6K
TEXT: H GQH3 6 9 8 QMOD
TEXT: H GRH2 8 0 1K
TEXT: H GRHC 4 7 130
TEXT: H GQH4 7 6 10 QMOD
TEXT: H GDHVBEDROP 10 3 DMOD
TEXT: H GQH5 3 8 0 QMOD
TEXT: H G.ENDS HNAND
TEXT: H G.SUBCKT HONEBIT 1 2 3 4 5 6
TEXT: H * NODES: INPUT(2), CARRY-IN, OUTPUT, CARRY-OUT, VCC
TEXT: H GXH1 1 2 7 6 NAND
TEXT: H GXH2 1 7 8 6 NAND
TEXT: H GXH3 2 7 9 6 NAND
TEXT: H GXH4 8 9 10 6 NAND
TEXT: H GXH5 3 10 11 6 NAND
TEXT: H GXH6 3 11 12 6 NAND
TEXT: H GXH7 10 11 13 6 NAND
TEXT: H GXH8 12 13 4 6 NAND
TEXT: H GXH9 11 7 5 6 NAND
TEXT: H G.ENDS HONEBIT
TEXT: H .SUBCKT TWOBIT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
TEXT: H * NODES: INPUT - BIT0(2) / BIT1(2), OUTPUT - BIT0 / BIT1,
TEXT: H * CARRY-IN, CARRY-OUT, VCC
TEXT: H GXH1 1 2 7 5 10 9 ONEBIT
TEXT: H GXH2 3 4 10 6 8 9 ONEBIT
TEXT: H G.ENDS HTWOBIT
TEXT: H .SUBCKT FOURBIT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
TEXT: H * NODES: INPUT - BIT0(2) / BIT1(2) / BIT2(2) / BIT3(2),
TEXT: H * OUTPUT - BIT0 / BIT1 / BIT2 / BIT3, CARRY-IN, CARRY-OUT,
TEXT: H GVHCC
TEXT: H GXH1 1 2 3 4 9 10 13 16 15 TWOBIT
TEXT: H GXH2 5 6 7 8 11 12 16 14 15 TWOBIT
TEXT: H .ENDS FOURBIT
TEXT: H *** DEFINE NOMINAL CIRCUIT
TEXT: H G.MODEL HDMOD D
TEXT: H G.MODEL HQMOD NPN(BF=75 RB=100 CJE=1PF CJC=3PF)
TEXT: H GVHCC 99 0 DC 5V
TEXT: H GVHIN1A 1 0 PULSE(0 3 0 10NS 10NS 10NS 50NS)
TEXT: H GVHIN1B 2 0 PULSE(0 3 0 10NS 10NS 20NS 100NS)
TEXT: H GVHIN2A 3 0 PULSE(0 3 0 10NS 10NS 40NS 200NS)
TEXT: H
TEXT:
TEXT: GVHIN2B 4 0 PULSE(0 3 0 10NS 10NS 80NS 400NS)
TEXT: H GVHIN3A 5 0 PULSE(0 3 0 10NS 10NS 160NS 800NS)
TEXT: H GVHIN3B 6 0 PULSE(0 3 0 10NS 10NS 320NS 1600NS)
TEXT: H GVHIN4A 7 0 PULSE(0 3 0 10NS 10NS 640NS 3200NS)
TEXT: H GVHIN4B 8 0 PULSE(0 3 0 10NS 10NS 1280NS 6400NS)
TEXT: H GXH1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0 13 99 FOURBIT
TEXT: H GRHBIT0 9 0 1K
TEXT: H GRHBIT1 10 0 1K
TEXT: H GRHBIT2 11 0 1K
TEXT: H GRHBIT3 12 0 1K
TEXT: H GRHCOUT 13 0 1K
TEXT: H *** (FOR THOSE WITH MONEY (AND MEMORY) TO BURN)
TEXT: H G.TRAN H1NS 6400NS
TEXT: H G.END
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: ex5
TITLE: Example 5
TEXT:
TEXT: The following file simulates a transmission-line
TEXT: H inverter. Two transmission-line elements are required since
TEXT: H two propagation modes are excited. In the case of a coaxial
TEXT: H line, the first line (T1) models the inner conductor with
TEXT: H respect to the shield, and the second line (T2) models the
TEXT: H shield with respect to the outside world.
TEXT: H
TEXT: TRANSMISSION-LINE INVERTER
TEXT: H GVH1 1 0 PULSE(0 1 0 0.1N)
TEXT: H GRH1 1 2 50
TEXT: H GXH1 2 0 0 4 TLINE
TEXT: H GRH2 4 0 50
TEXT: H G.SUBCKT HTLINE 1 2 3 4
TEXT: H GTH1 1 2 3 4 Z0=50 TD=1.5NS
TEXT: H GTH2 2 0 4 0 Z0=100 TD=1NS
TEXT: H G.ENDS HTLINE
TEXT: H G.TRAN H0.1NS 20NS
TEXT: H G.END
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SUBJECT: batchmode
TITLE: Batch Mode
TEXT:
TEXT: If Gspice His given a circuit file as the standard input, or
TEXT: H if it is run with the G-b Hflag, it will process the circuit
TEXT: H in batch mode, similar to that of SPICE2. Most of the con-
TEXT: H trol lines recognised by SPICE2 will be handled, including
TEXT: H G.plotH, G.printH, and G.fourH. The format of the output is some-
TEXT: H what different, however, and much less information is avail-
TEXT: H able from an operating point analysis. Some SPICE2 options
TEXT: H are not supported, and only the analysis types Gtran, op, ac,
TEXT: H dc, Hand Gpz Hare recognised.
TEXT: H
TEXT:
SEEALSO: SPICE:dashb